Software Patent/Copyright Issues in the PRC (People’s Republic of China) :: Software Technology China Essays

Software Patent/Copyright Issues in the People's Republic of China Introduction This paper is an analytical essay on global ethical issues on software intellectual property in China. It will focus on the software patent and copyright issues that are prevalent in the PRC (People’s Republic of China, including Taiwan (R.O.C. – Republic of China), and Hong Kong). The paper will include personal experiences encountered in this region of the world. In addition, it will include an in-depth analysis on the topic with industry and academic references to defend a particular moral/ethical position, in which software piracy may seem a part of the Chinese culture but is clearly ethically unacceptable. Background Information technology is a key driver in the globalization and growth of the world economy. The total worldwide package software market has been estimated at over $135 billion [1]. Piracy causes significant loss internationally. According to the Software Publishers Association (SPA), the worldwide revenues of business-based PC applications were over $17.2 billion. The piracy rate in China ranked amongst the highest at 96 percent. Software has the distinctive characteristics of digital goods – it is expensive to produce for the first copy (high-fixed costs) and inexpensive to reproduce and distribute for subsequent copies (very low, approaching zero, variable costs). These characteristics make it similar to a public good in that sharing it with others does not reduce the consumption utility of the product. One of the main causes for software entertainment copyright issues in China is that there is a huge imbalance between the people’s demand for filmed entertainment and its constrained â€Å"legitimate† supply. The government quotas severely limit import and distribution of films and television shows, cable television offers a sparse selection of entertainment programming options, and modern cinema screens are in short supply. Hence, the black market has emerged to meet this need that would otherwise go largely unfilled. [9] In addition, software piracy is big business with a lot of money at stake. Selling pirated goods at huge volumes make piracy highly profitable. And in a job-hungry economy, piracy creates hundreds of thousands of jobs that the government may be reluctant to threaten with more rigorous anti-piracy measures. [9] Personal Experience In the last five years, I have had the opportunity to travel to China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, three times. Sure enough, a common theme in all three of these geographies is being able to buy pirated goods for cheap.

Women and Depression: Understanding the Gender Gap

Depression, if gets too severe becomes bad for a person. It not only affects the person himself but it also affects that person’s family also affecting his work or school as well as personal life and his sleeping and eating habits as well. Depression also affects the well being of a person in a way that it leads to chronic medical conditions like diabetics. Women usually think that they can work through a depression on their own, knowing this fact that they suffer from depression more frequently than men do. They may get the wrong idea that the low risk related with medication management of depression, they may also believe that since they are smart diligent people an analyst or psychologist will be of no aid; these wrong beliefs are, regrettably very common. Sometimes medications for depression may have irritating side effects, such as insomnia, agitation, or sleepiness, but grave effects are very odd. Women with a true depression are suffering, such inconvenient, non-life intimidating side effects, which may diminish soon, nevertheless, are likely to be much more bearable than untreated depression for a lot of women. Repeatedly studies have revealed that either counseling or medication therapy, or both mutually, are really useful in securely relieving depression in both men and women. Biological factors behind depression for women There come into view to be significant links between mood changes and reproductive health events, gender differences in toll of depression emerge when females go through puberty and stay high throughout the childbearing years and into late middle period. Hormonal factors appear to play a function in some of the mood disturbance practiced by women, twenty to forty percent of menstruating women practice premenstrual temper and behavioral changes. Approximately two to ten percent of women experience Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, as several as ten to fifteen percent of women experience a clinical depression throughout pregnancy or subsequent to the birth of a baby. There also come into view to be an increase in depression during the perimenopausal period. An additional biological issue that may add to gender differences in depression can be connected to circadian rhythm patterns, the complex structure that regulates sleep and action over each 24-hour period. Depressed women report more hypersomnia (too much sleeping) than do men. The role of premenstrual factors in depression Hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle can cause the common symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), for instance irritability, fatigue, bloating and emotional reactivity. For most of the women, PMS is easygoing, but for a number of women, symptoms are harsh enough to upset their lives and a diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric chaos (PMDD) is made. Though the precise relation among depression and premenstrual syndrome remains vague, some examines say that cyclical modifications in progesterone, estrogen and additional hormones can upset the role of brain chemicals for instance serotonin that manage mood. Still, since such hormonal changes take place in the majority of women, but not all women build up depression, hormonal changes can't be the merely reason of depression in women. Genetic predisposition or other issues also can manipulate the development of depression. Postpartum depression Depression subsequent to childbirth is known as postpartum depression, hormonal changes may activate symptoms of postpartum depression, while a woman is pregnant, stages of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone boosts greatly. In the initial 24 hours following childbirth, hormone levels rapidly return to standard. Researchers believe the huge change in hormone levels may direct to depression. Levels of thyroid hormones can also fall after giving birth, which causes symptoms of depression. Role of perimenopause and menopause in a woman’s depression Perimenopause is the middle period earlier than menopause, which is marked by a twelve month’s termination of a woman’s menstrual cycle, throughout perimenopause, hormones change radically and few women feel an alteration in mood, anxiety and depression. Throughout this phase of transition, women start thinking about their achievements up to this point, women frequently view this time as a turning end, not only are perimenopausa l women examining their life thus far, they are practicing hormonal changes that are influencing them physically. Negative and positive role of social and cultural factors in a woman’s depression Role strain – Women frequently undergo role strain over contradictory and irresistible responsibilities in their life, the additional roles a woman is expected to play (mother, wife, working woman), the extra vulnerable she is to role strain and following stress and depression. Research specifies that single mothers are three times more probable than married mothers to practice an episode of main depression. Costello, 1993). Unequal power and status – Women’s comparative lack of power and position in society may direct to feelings of helplessness, this sense of helplessness puts women at larger risk for depression, and these feelings may be aggravated by discrimination in the place of work leading to underemployment or being without a job. An additional causal factor is society’s importance on youth, beauty, and thinness in women, traits which to a great level are out of their control. Sexual and physical abuse – Women are a lot more likely to be sexually abused than men, and researchers have found that sexual abuse in childhood puts one at enlarged risk for depression in maturity. Higher rates of depression are also found among sufferers of rape. Poverty – Poverty is more general among women than men, single mothers have the uppermost rates of poverty transversely all demographic groups. Poverty is a harsh, chronic stressor than can direct to depression. The positive affects of depression are that when the women have to live with less, they eventually learn to live with it and when they do not have a job, they will have more free time to spend with the family and friends. Moreover, it is good as it always gives way to struggle and makes art and music better. How does one go about getting treatment? Make healthy lifestyle changes Lifestyle alterations are never easy to make, but if altered can have a big impact on depression, self-help strategies that can be very effectual comprise: ? develop helpful relationships ? regular exercise and sufficient sleep Healthy, mood-boosting diet ? Stress management and practice relaxation methods ? confront negative thought patterns Seek professional help Professional help contains some form of therapy that gives tools to handle depression from a diversity of angles, a number of therapies teach practical techniques on how to reframe negative thoughts and employ behavioral abilities in fighting depre ssion can also assist working out through the origin of depression, helping understand why he or she feels a certain way, what triggers are for depression, and what he or she can do to stay healthy. Do you think women are more likely to seek out treatment? Why or why not? Women, first and foremost wives and daughters, provide the bulk of care giving, specifically in the United States, about 12 million women practice depression each year, at about twice the pace of men. A recent study found that many women do not look for treatment for depression since they are embarrassed or in refutation about being depressed, in fact, forty one percent of women reviewed cited embarrassment or disgrace as obstruction to treatment. What do you think it means to be a woman? Being female has nothing to act with being lesser or second class; it has to do with execution in a God-ordained role, from the commencement, God tells us that women, like men, were formed in His image and likeness, but as both sexes are equivalent in significance and potential, their roles are very diverse. That’s the reason why men and women think and act in a different way and that is why they look unlike. â€Å"It is not fine that the man should be unaccompanied; I will make him a help meet for him†. Manonly was not an entire creation, he needed aid, so God gave him a helpmeet, one who would execute the contrary role – so that united together the two might turn into one complete flesh.

Fin 580

1. (TCO D) The most valuable single technique in personal risk management to assist an individual in determining how much life insurance is needed is: (Points : 4) Computing the Human Life Value. Using the probability of death each year, prevailing interest rates and assumed inflation rates to find the discounted present value of a future income stream. x Assessing the family's total economic needs and subtracting financial resources available to meet those needs.Estimating the sum of money which, when paid in installments, will produce the same income as the person would have earned, after deducting assumed amounts for taxes and personal maintenance expenses. Using a multiple of earnings adjusted for occupation. 2. (TCO D) Mike had a $100,000 whole life insurance policy with a $10,000 loan outstanding when he died. The policy had a $20,000 cash value prior to the loan. How much will his beneficiary receive following Mike's death? (Points : 4) $120,000 110,000 $100,000 xx $90,000 $30 ,000 3. (TCO D) If your employment is terminated, COBRA provides for: (Points : 4) Cancellation of all group insurance benefits. Continuation of group insurance benefits until you are reemployed. Permanent continuation of group health insurance. x Temporary continuation of group insurance benefits; you pay premiums. Temporary continuation of group insurance benefits; employer pays premiums. 4. (TCO D) Which of the following best describes a â€Å"pre-existing condition†? Points : 4) An exclusion. Cancer, heart condition or other serious diseases. An injury that results from an accident. Something not covered by the insurance policy. x A medical condition for which one has previously been treated. 5. (TCO D) The right of ______ gives the insurance company the right to recover its costs from the at-fault party after the company has paid a claim to its insured. (Points : 4) x Subrogation Indemnity Insurance interest Coinsurance None of these

Ways in which teamwork can be beneficial to organisations

Teamwork is one of the major factors that affect an organisation’s success and it can prove to be beneficial but it can also become a difficult aspect to manage within a company. According to Cohen and Bailey (1977:241), „a team is a collection of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, who share responsibility for outcomes, who see themselves and who are seen by others as an intact social entity embedded in one or more larger social systems..†. The previous definition is pointing out the aspects of teamwork, which appear to be mutual reliance, interdependence and sense of responsibility that members feel when collaborating.Based on the previous theory, numerous benefits of teamwork can be underlined. One of the most important advantages that teamwork brings within an organisation is efficiency. According to Procter and Mueller (2000), it has been debated by supporters that it offers a more productive, creative, satisfying and empowering way of working. The efficiency of teamwork can also be highlighted from the book „Organizational Behaviour† by Daniel King and Scott Lawley, OUP 2013(page 165, Table 6.7), in which benefits like reduced dependency on particular individuals, faster decision making, increased time utilization and task requirements are considered benefits of teamwork.Another major benefit for companies which rely on teamwork is social facilitation (Norman Triplett, 1898). His theory points out that members who work within a group tend to become more productive, possiby due to competition within the group. Furthermore, this benefit can be pointed out by West (2004) which states that teamwork can create social bonds between members, thus giving greater camaraderie. However, Harkins et al. (1980) states that individuals try less when working in a team, this phenomenon being known as social loathing.Besides having important benefits, teamwork can prove to have a significant level of difficulty when trying to i mplement it within an organisation. Challenges like personality clashes, breakdown of trust or reliance on less skilled members can arise for employees, but difficulties as unproductiveness, shared identity and purpose or time-consuming work can  also be present for organisations. One of the major problems caused by teamwork within a company is social loafing.According to Harkins et al. (1980) and Latane et al. (1979), a series of experiments had been conducted in the 1970s to investigate whether people worked harder in groups or individually. Eventually, they discovered that people try less hard when being asked to perform the same task within a group. This experiment was actually built on a previous research by Max Ringelmann, who found that, working alone, an agricultural student could pull a weight of 85 kg but a team of seven would not be able to pull 595 kg, instead just 450. Latane et al. suggests this phenomenon happened because individuals put more effort into tasks where they know they can be personally identified and less when they think their contribution is lost within a group.Relating to this difficulty which can arise as a result of teamwork, a similar one can appear, which is called shrinking (Schnake, 1991). This phenomenon occurs when members of a group live off the efforts and work of others. A good example is that of a student which does not attend team meetings but turns up on the day of the presentation and demands the same grade as the other individuals.In conclusion, teamwork can prove to be very beneficial for an organisation, bringing efficiency, social facilitation for the individuals and many other advantages. However, the difficulties that may arise as a result of non-compatible members or various other factors, must be looked upon carefully and treated properly.

Read the attach and do writing part and i will do a video Essay

Read the attach and do writing part and i will do a video - Essay Example The second is the use of inciting incident that leads the audience to the midpoint. However, the midpoint must ensure that characters reaffirm their roles in the video. Finalization of the script entails climax and resolutions (Long 202). A shot list refers to a log of shots that are included in the video. Shot lists are vital in giving the video not only efficiency but also direction. Shot lists will be instrumental in considering shooting footage that might fail to conform to the story order. However, shot lists provide a clear guideline or format of a script (Long 203). Copyright information restricts any form of unauthorized duplication or use of the video. The copyright law controls the use of videos in the following three ways. First, it is circulation where any individual who lawfully acquires a copy of the video can distribute it by reselling. The second section of the copyright law is clips where the use of the video can only be for criticisms, news reporting or research purposes. However, the use in education must be for non-profit purposes. The last section is in terms of classroom use where the Copyright law does not term screening of the video as a form of infringing or violation of the copyright

1.Internet nutrition resources.2.entomophagy (insect eating) Essay

1.Internet nutrition resources.2.entomophagy (insect eating) - Essay Example Aside from the subjects stated above, the site also includes Emergency Preparedness and Management, Report an illness or file a product complaint and check restaurant inspection scores that will increases awareness of its audience and encourages its audience to give feedback on a particular product. But this site lacks online forums and has limited search filters for audience search bar: only for consumers, unlike the other sites which offers more options such as parents, children, senior, caregivers and teachers. The Ohio State University released a fact sheet entitled â€Å"Insects as Human Food – Microlivestocks,† the promotion of edible insects, foodstuff and its nutritional value (osu.edu). A study showed that insects like grasshoppers, ants, beetles, and mole crickets are rich in protein and low in cholesterol and fat. On the other hand, termites, caterpillars and weevils contain iron, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin. Mexican restaurants served fried grasshoppers, chocolate covered ants and tortillas with red and white agave worms. For Columbia, they ground ants as spread on breads, while in Africa some insects are eaten raw or baked. Other countries such as, Philippines and United States have it fried, broiled or sautà ©ed with vegetables. The following recipes were also famous in the United States: chocolate chirpie chip cookies made from dry-roasted crickets, bug blox made from dry-roasted leafhoppers, rootworm beetle dip made from dry-roasted rootworm beetles and banana worm bread made from dry-roasted armyworms. Insects contain essential amino acids, so it can be a source of protein for nutrition. But there are also insects that are toxic and may create allergies, thus, some Americans chose not to eat insects. In addition, the US Food and Drug Administration is very strict on its policy, e.g. limiting insects and their parts in food crops, thus, giving a notion that

Porche Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Porche - Essay Example Ferdinand had the right mixture of the brains required to successfully run a car company and the passion required to drive the growth of Porsche. In the Prince Henry trials in 1910, the innovatively designed car model which was driven by Ferdinand himself won the most prestigious award in the sports category (Boatcallie, Chase, Salehi, Skrisovsky and Volio 2). In 1931, Ferdinand opened up his own company under the name of Porsche in Stuttgart, Germany for performing the activities of engineering and consultation. The company soon received contracts from the car manufacturers like the Wanderer, Auto Union and NSU for supply and design of cars. Porsche had the vision to anticipate the demands of the present and link it to the changing trends in future. With innovative designs and influencing the partners to manufacture car model that would accepted worldwide, Porsche delivered the model of the Beetle which was taken up by the VW Group. The Beetle designed by Porsche underwent mass prod uction and had not lost its popularity for the next 75 years. Ferdinand who was the founder of Porsche was a race-driver by passion and actively participated in the racing events. Ferdinand was also an engineer by profession. The founder of the company was able to mix his passion with the entrepreneurial activities as an engineer and applied his ideas and innovations in the field of manufacturing newly designed and creative car models. After the death of the founder, his son took over the charge of Porsche and started to expand the trading activities through sustenance of efficiently manufactured innovative car models. Porsche became famous for its racing cars and emerged victorious in the various rallies that it participated. The 911 model was one of the famous racing models built by Porsche (Porsche1 1). The 911 model was traded in the 70s, 80s and the 90s. In 1996, the